Measures of Significance in HEP and Astrophysics
نویسنده
چکیده
Significance testing for a possible signal in counting experiments centers on the probability that an observed count in a signal region, or one more extreme, could have been produced solely by fluctuations of the background source(s) in that region. Statisticians refer to this probability as a p-value. The traditions for calculating signal significance differ between High Energy Physics (HEP) and High Energy Gamma Ray Astrophysics (GRA). Both fields often quote significance in terms of equivalent standard deviations of the normal distributions (statisticians sometimes refer to this as a Z-value). I will present several of the commonly used methods in HEP and GRA, apply them to examples from the literature, then discuss the results. Here I will concentrate on observed significance, the significance of a particular observation, rather than predictions of significance for a given technique as a function of exposure. The prediction problem is slightly different, involving the power of the test, or the probability of making an observation at a given significance level. GRA has emphasized simple, quickly-evaluated analytical formulae for calculating Z directly (choosing asymptotically normal variables), while HEP has typically calculated probabilities (p-values) and then translated into a Z-value by p = P (s ≥ observed | assume only background);
منابع مشابه
Dual role of CdSe quantum dots for simultaneous separation and spectrofluorimetric ultrasensitive determination of heparin
The present study offers a new method based on CdSe quantum dots (QDs) for simultaneous separation and determination of trace levels of heparin (Hep) in human serum samples. In this technique, CdSe QDs perform two different functions in Hep analysis process. Mercaptoacetic acid-capped red CdSe QDs (λex=690 nm) are conjugated to Hep and the Hep-QD conjugation is then used as an extraction tool ...
متن کاملDual role of CdSe quantum dots for simultaneous separation and spectrofluorimetric ultrasensitive determination of heparin
The present study offers a new method based on CdSe quantum dots (QDs) for simultaneous separation and determination of trace levels of heparin (Hep) in human serum samples. In this technique, CdSe QDs perform two different functions in Hep analysis process. Mercaptoacetic acid-capped red CdSe QDs (λex=690 nm) are conjugated to Hep and the Hep-QD conjugation is then used as an extraction...
متن کاملInvestigatıon of Antioxıdative, Cytotoxic, Membrane-Damaging And Membrane-Protective Effects of The Essentıal Oil Of Origanum majorana And its Oxygenated Monoterpene Component Linalool in Human-Derived Hep G2 Cell Line
The aim of our work was to compare cytotoxic and membrane-damaging effects of O. majorana L. essential oil and linalool on Hep G2 and to investigate their possible protective (antioxidant) effects against H2O2 induced membrane damage. The oils were investigated by GC and GC-MS and antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and -carotene–linoleic acid assays. Assessment of cell viability was ma...
متن کاملThe Rate of HEP-2 Cellular Invasion of Salmonella Serogroups in Diarrhea Patients
Abstract Background and Objectives: gasterointertidis is one of the most common forms of Salmonellosis, which is a worldwide problem. The invasive characteristic of intestinal bacteria is one of their pathogenicity Mechanisms , which can be easily investigated by cell culture technique. In this study ,the invasive characteristic of some Salmonella serogroup were investigated by using HEP-2 ...
متن کامل